Improvement in brick-kilns



PATENT FFIE.

THALES LINDSLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

Specification forming part of Letters Batent No. 121,179, dated November21, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THALEs LrNDsLEY, have invented a new and ImprovedKiln and Apparatus for Water-Smoking, Burning, and Cooling Bricks,Tiles, &c.; and I declare the following to be a clear, full, and concisedescription of same, such as will enable others skilled in the arttowhich it'pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawing forming part of this specification.

Its offices are to provide: First, facilities for readily handling thebricks, tiles, &c., from the time they are formed until ready to removeafter burning, and facilities for removing same. This is effected bymeans of peculiar brick-cars and a railroad or roadscomposed ofremovable rails. Second, doors being necessary to admit of charging anddischarging the kiln and ingress and egress of cars and trucks, toprovide practically air-tight and steam-tight doors for these openings.Third, that the doors aforesaid may swing lfreely and clearly, and notbe interrupted nor pierced by the rails of the track, (when in drying ordischarging it may become necessary to have them frequently opened andclosed,) to provide a track draw-bridge which, when the door is opened,can be lowered so that the ends of theftrack may fall within the doorand join onto the ends of the main track, and when the car has passedout, be raised again and the door closed. Fourth, facilities forreversing the draught in any part of the kiln, and for changing theorder of operation in either water-smoking, burning, or cooling, fromthe top downward or from the bottom upward, at will. This is effected bythe peculiar system of vertical and horizontal hues, for transmission ofhot and cold air, and by the opening of certain ports and closing ofothers, and by dampers. Fifth, to the utilizing of the heat given offfrom a burningchamber. This is effected by my peculiar combination ofthe chambers and fines.

In the drawing, Sheet I is a ground plan of the kiln provided with eightchambers, B O D E F G H K, and the general drying-chamber A A. In theconstruction of the iloors of a chamber here represented, B B show theupper door composed of rectangular tiles a, pierced with holes forinflux or efflux of hot or cold air. These tiles rest upon stringers,shown in c c, which in turn rest on the lower solid door of rectangulartiles d d, which rest on the sleepers e c, which iinally rest on thefoundation iioor of non-conducting material. These doors and stringersare shown in longitudinal section at lower righthand corner, and incross-section at lower lefthand corner. It will be seen that, besidesthe passages left between the stringers and sleepers, they arethemselves pierced with semi-cylindrical openings, to admit of theperfectly free diffusion of hot air in burning or of cold air incooling. Where continuous iiues pass immediately under the lower iioor,and between the sleepers, as represented at b b b in e e, and incross-section at lower left-hand corner, they are made of tile andpacked with non-conducting material. r is a system of railways forcharging and discharging. e are cold-air openings, and e1 are cold-airfines; b b, horizontal hot-air ilues; b1, vertical hot-air flues,communicating, also, with system of diffusing tlues under the top floor.b2 b2 are the {ire-fines; h2, the ash-pits; h, the corner; h1, thelateral, and h3, the fuel-bin buttresses.

Sheet II shows a section, vertical, on C D of Sheet I, showing how themiddle division of the triple walls, of which this kiln is constructedthroughout, is provided with cold-air ilues el e2 e3. a: are openingsthrough the inner division of a wall to a chamber, into the compartmentsbeneath the iirst door. w3 is similar opening into body of chamber. c1are vertical hot-air tlues, which, communicating with c2, c3, and c4,carry hot air from a burning-chamber and discharge same into thedrying-chamberA A through openings shown in Sheet 5, at 7c and w1, or,if desired, can be discharged through the chimney-due x4 into thechimney. In the drawing of brick-car, at upper left corner, the leavesare hinged at one end, resting on a shelf at the other end. The drawingshows its construction clearly. In upper right-hand corner is a car,arranged with shelves, q, which shelves are divided (as shown in theplan of' a shelf below) into two parts, this division being along thecurved line a a, each leaf turning or revolving laterally around thestay-rod q2, shown in the vertical and horizontal elevation and plan,respectively. When the leaves swing in together they unite along thelineA a a and form a continuous shelf.

Sheet III shows a section on line A B of Sheet I, and also sectionsalong H I and L M of this n fitting' door.

sectional drawing A B. In A B, gis the cycloidal fuel-bin incorporatedin a buttress. The furnace 0 is on the same sectional cycloidal curveofthe fuel-bin. f is the fire-flue. i is the opening to the hot-airdescending flue, shown in seetion LM above. Vis a damper, operated by arod, V1, through a close-tting cap, V2, which damper can be lowered, aswill be seenby the drawing, to a position such as will eut o the directentrance into the chamber C of the heat from the furnace and oblige itto pass through fi down b3, through opening b2 into b,- thence (Sheet 2)into cl-supposing the openings c to be closed-and through c2, e3, c2,c3, and c4, and finally through openings x1 and 7c into thedrying-chamber. Or the damper may be lowered as before, and thetumblervalve o, shown at the right of section A B, to be turned over tothe right so as to close the passage b2,- then the draught would passfrom openings e (in Sheet 2) through cold-air lues el into b, (Sheet 3;)through opening b2 into b3; up b3 through fi into iire-iiuej'; thencethrough the grate-bars, carrying the hot products of combustion, throughb1 into the intercommunicating lues under the upper iioor; thencethrough the openings in the tile iooring; and thus to burn the bricksfrom the bottom upward. -The heat would then, in escaping, pass upthrough x3, through x1, into the drying-chamber. The traction-truck,shown at the upper left-hand corner of this sheet, is for use in pushingagainst a car or train of cars in the drying-chamber, attaching itselfto such car by the latch Z1, in the usual manner, and fully indicated byits construction here shown. A rope or chain is then attached to thering Z4, and the cars are then drawn out by means of capstan or similarappliance, and the direction of the power is changed so as to correspondto the direction of the track by interposed pulley-wheels, upon whichthe rope or chain bears at the angles of the tracks course.

Sheet 4L shows a side elevation of the kiln, in which A A shows theentrance to the dryingchamber, and z5 are the door-frames, upon whichthe doors (at upper left corner) are himg. The doors and the frames aremade with corresponding lateral and vertical slots and ribs, the objectbeing to have them close into each other, so that, when the door isclosed, it will be nearly steam or air-tight. In order that thesegrooves and ribs may be made, of course the door must lap broadly ontothe frame at bottom, top, and sides. The door may be made in plane form,or it may be made so as to set well in, having its top, bottom, andsides set at an angle as represented, f1ttin g against correspondingangular surfaces of the frame. The latter would form the closest- At theupper right hand is a track draw-bridge, composed of track 102, lever104,101.1- ers w, and chains w1. The construction is evident. By pullingthe lever to the right the part L02 is raised, and the door into whichit was eX- tended can be closed. It extends far enough. within the doorto attach onto the end of the track inside the drying-chamber. Theroller w3 is provided with cams, into which the lever is inserted.

Sheet 5 shows the general arrangement of the chambers with respect toeach other, and the course of the system of hot-air horizontal fines;showing the disposition of the openings (into the different chambers)xl, x2, m3, &c., and the points at which vertical hot-air lues c2, c1,c5, &c., enter this system of horizontal iues.

Sheet 6 is a plan of the top of the kiln, showing air-ports s1 s1, usedto introduce cold air in cooling; vent-ports p1 to each burning-chamberfor ingress of cold or egress of hot air; eye-ports p p piercing thedomes; dampers s s, located in all the horizontal iiues, for regulatingthe amount and direction of draught; other dampers, s2 and s3, forchanging the point of efflux of heat or of admitting cold air; dampers7c ls k1 k1 for regulating iniiuX of hot air to drying-chamber,smokestack, ues, and man-hole]l j2 006, respectively.

The operation of this kiln will be evident to any one skilled in theart, hence needs no further description. Its novelties are also clearlyexpressed in the drawing and claims. Y

I do not intend to claim the pulleys and the capstan when used in thisconnection, as suggested.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

l. The drying chambers 'A A and burningchambers B, C, D, 85e., whenplaced in juxtaposition and otherwise constructed and arranged, as shownand described.

2. The doors and door-frames to a drying-cham.L ber, provided with ribsand grooves, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The track draw-bridge with lever @04, ways @02, rollers w, cam-rollerw3, and band or chain w1, in connection with the doors and removablerails, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. In combination with a burning-chamber, the furnace 0 with flue-damperc, furn ace-door g1, and the tumbler-valve c, constructed and operatingsubstantially as described.

5. The combined buttress and cycloidal fuelbin, the latter beingprovided with throat-feeding damper, all constructed and operating asindicated.

6. The combination and arrangement, herein shown, of the fire-chamber,dampers c, and cooperating iiues, for the purpose set forth.

7 The brick car, shown at A, Sheet 2, provided with shelves divided intotwo wings, each wing revolving laterally upon vertical stay-rods.

S. In the kiln described, the combination of devices and appliances, asset forth.

9. rlhe traction truck with curved handle lf3, wheels w, and arms lprovided with beveled hooks l1, constructed as shown, and for thepurposes set forth.

THALES LINDSLEY.

Witnesses:

O. L. WIETING,

J. INI. HALLAGAN. (20)

